Today, the world is experiencing a moment in which the space race is back on the agenda. The European space industry is at a crucial moment, where competitiveness and autonomy are key to keeping pace with other global powers such as the United States and China . Since 2015, several studies have highlighted the need to reduce the costs of space launches in order to reach the year 2030 with more affordable missions. But it is not only about costs, it is also essential to increase the flexibility of launch services and reduce the environmental impact.
The European space industry, aware of the challenges in competitiveness and sustainability, has launched several initiatives to stay at the forefront, reduce costs and minimize the environmental impact of its launches . Among these initiatives, the SALTO project stands out, an ambitious proposal that seeks to revolutionize European space launches through technological innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Funding from the European Commission's Horizon Europe programme was the key opportunity to carry out this project, aimed at reducing operational costs and the environmental footprint of space launches . This is how the SALTO consortium was born, led by ArianeGroup and made up of 25 companies (plus one associate), including the company GTD Sistemas de Informacion which collaborates with the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) to carry out this industrial doctorate. At the same time, the project aims to drive the European space industry towards a greener and more competitive future.
The consortium's objective is to mature technologies for the reuse of launchers , the rockets used to carry payloads, such as a manned spacecraft or satellites, from the Earth's surface to outer space. This is a milestone that has so far only been achieved and consolidated by Elon Musk's American company, SpaceX, with its Falcon 9. In this context, the GTD company is developing an innovative, fully autonomous launcher destruction system . The destruction or neutralization of launchers consists of exploding or stopping the engines of a launcher and letting it fall to prevent it from becoming an object dangerous to the safety of people and property it flies over. It is important to note that this destruction or stopping of the engines is carried out in safe areas previously defined by the competent authorities in flight safety, when the trajectory or subsystems of the launcher violate the established safety limits.
It is within the framework of this project that the strategic research of the industrial doctoral student Alejandro Sabán is framed, who initiated his industrial doctoral project motivated to continue his studies after the master's degree. Sabán's fascination with space did not begin from childhood, but rather developed through his studies in aeronautical engineering, inspired by Formula 1 and the aerodynamics of racing cars . Participation in the industrial doctoral project represents a deeply meaningful experience in both the personal and professional spheres for the doctoral student: " through this experience, I am being able to contribute my little bit of sand to advance in the current industrial panorama ."
Aligned with the company's objectives , Sabán's research focuses on improving the safety and efficiency of space launches . As the doctoral student himself explains: " imagine that you are observing a space launch, and your purpose is to ensure that everything develops safely for both the launcher and the people and material assets it flies over, from the time it is at the launch base until it reaches space ." Currently, monitoring launches involves collecting data using telemetry antennas and radars, with operators making decisions in real time from the launch base. A process with disadvantages such as latency in decision-making, high operating costs due to the need for globally distributed infrastructure, and specialized training for operators.
The most notable innovation of the doctoral student's research is the development of an autonomous launcher destruction system for the European space domain . That is, a system that can make decisions automatically, according to the industrial doctoral student: " designed to replace the supervision and decision-making operations that currently depend on flight safety operators located at spaceports ."
On the other hand, the industrial doctorate aims to contribute to environmental sustainability, with the elimination of globally distributed infrastructures for launch supervision , thus eliminating the need for operators to travel for maintenance tasks of ground flight supervision systems. In this way, together with the rest of the technologies proposed by the SALTO project consortium to reduce the carbon footprint and promote the reuse of launchers, Europe could lead the way towards more sustainable space missions . Finally, as Sabán himself concludes, “ the ultimate objective of this research is to provide the European space industry with an advanced and efficient technological tool that consolidates its capacity for innovation and increases its competitiveness in the global arena .” In this sense, the technological demonstrator currently being developed by the industrial doctorate project becomes a significant contribution to the evolution and progress of the European space sector.
A very interesting aspect of the Sabán project is the event that will allow the system's effectiveness to be validated in a real environment , opening up new possibilities for exploration and innovation with artificial intelligence algorithms. The project will have the opportunity to carry out tests of its system during a flight campaign scheduled for 2025 at the Kiruna spaceport in Sweden. This campaign is intended to test the THEMIS stage and the Prometheus engine, a project developed by ArianeGroup in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), where its main objective is to test and validate the components and technologies necessary for the reuse of launchers.
The most significant impact of the doctoral student's project on society is the reduction of operational costs of space launches, which could transform access to space for new actors. This democratization can generate new applications and services that directly benefit society . For example, satellite constellations such as Starlink and OneWeb seek to provide connectivity to regions where cabling is complicated and expensive. Reducing operational costs of launches could facilitate the creation of similar solutions, offering new opportunities and improvements in everyday life.
According to Eduard Diez i Lledó, the project manager at GTD, the completion of the project will have a significant impact on attracting talent and training in the fields of aerospace engineering and aeronautics in Catalonia and Europe. In Diez's words: " in the case of moving from prototypes to an operational system, the project will require engineers trained or specialized in domains that are currently state of the art ."
From an academic point of view, the project co-director Dr. Manel Soria Guerrero highlights that aerospace technology is a sector with great potential to create added value: “ the Polytechnic University of Catalonia has made a sustained effort to provide itself with competitive degrees in this field ”. Dr. Miquel Sureda Anfres, also co-director of the project, complements this vision, stating that this industrial doctorate is an excellent opportunity to produce relevant knowledge in European launcher technology. In addition, the project generates important synergies with GTD, a key company in the aerospace sector, strengthening the collaboration between the university and industry.
Regarding the tangible benefits of projects such as the one in question, Dr. Soria explains that the Polytechnic University of Catalonia ensures the translation of results into tangible benefits through a virtuous circle: basic research feeds applied research, which is transferred to students and, subsequently, to value-added companies . The current project, developed in contact with the company from the outset and aligned with the European strategy of reducing launch costs, is a good example of how to close this circle. However, academics believe that these projects need to be complemented with more basic research, without immediate industrial interest.
Sabán's conclusion is that collaborative research has been essential for the industrial doctoral project. By collaborating with the different companies in the SALTO consortium, knowledge and technologies have been shared to improve the quality of the research. Also, participation in congresses and seminars has allowed to validate ideas and incorporate the best practices of the sector. In the words of the doctoral student: “ collaborative research provides me with an essential basis for the development of my project, connecting me with experts in different areas, facilitating the transfer of knowledge and contributing to innovation and progress in the field of space technology ”.
Once the project is completed, the doctoral student plans to continue his professional career in the space sector, maintaining his relationship with the GTD company. For this reason, Sabán emphasizes the importance of continuing to exploit the results of the project: “ this continuity reflects my ambition to contribute significantly to the growth and advancement of the space sector through a company with great relevance in the sector and with which I can grow professionally .”
In conclusion, this industrial doctorate not only represents a significant technological advance for the SALTO project and the European space industry in general, but also exemplifies how collaborative research and innovation can drive sustainability and efficiency in this sector that is at a great moment in its history. Sabán's career is a testament to how academic and professional efforts can converge to generate innovative and sustainable solutions. In short, a project that can redefine access to space, offering a greener and more accessible vision for the future of space exploration.
